Отзывы
Мы будем рады, если Вы напишите отзывы о нашей компании, ведь Ваши отзывы во многом говорят о качестве нашей работы.
Благодаря Вашим отзывам мы сможем видеть аспекты на которых нам стоит сосредоточиться, а так же наши сильные стороны за указание которых мы будем Вам очень благодарны.
Приветствую, друзья!
Компания XRumer Art предлагает свои услуги СЕО продвижения.
Ваш онлайн-сайт, как можно отметить, только начинает набирать обороты. Чтобы по максимуму ускорить процесс его роста, готовы предложить наши услуги по СЕО-оптимизации. У нас есть недорогие и качественные инструменты для СЕОшников. У наших специалистов серьезный опыт, в арсенале имеются успешные рабочие кейсы - если интересно, предоставим по запросу.
Сейчас можем предложить скидку на самые востребованные услуги - 10%.
Наши услуги:
- Размещаем трастовые ссылки (нужно всем сайтам) – стоимость от 1,5 до 5000 р
- Размещение безанкорных ссылок (полезно всем сайтам) – 3900 р
- Профессиональный прогон на 110 000 сайтов в RU.зоне (очень полезно для сайтов) – 2900 р
- 150 постов Вконтакте о вашем сайте (поможет в рекламе) – 3.900 руб
- Публикации о вашем сайте на 300 форумах (мощная раскрутка сайта) – 29.000 руб
- СуперПостинг – грандиозный прогон по 3 000 000 площадок (мощнейшее размещение для ваших сайтов) – 39.900 р
- Рассылка сообщений по сайтам используя форму обратной связи – договорная цена, в зависимости от объема.
Если возникнут вопросы, смело обращайтесь, готовы помочь.
Отчётность.
Оплата: Yoo.Money, Bitcoin, МИР, Visa, MasterCard...
Принимаем USDT
Телегрм: https://t.me/exrumer
Skype: Loves.Ltd
https://www.webfx.com/
https://xrumer.cc/
Между нами говоря, по-моему, это очевидно. Я не стану говорить на эту тему.
how buy scotty on binance? 0.00524. quotations for major cryptocurrencies are updated in real minutes here binance scotty-ai.io price.
how buy scotty on binance? 0.00524. quotations for major cryptocurrencies are updated in real minutes here binance scotty-ai.io price.
Elon Musk was star guest this year at an annual conference organized by Italian PM Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy party.
kraken18
He arrived against the backdrop of an ice-skating rink and an ancient castle in Rome with one of his 11 children to tout the value of procreation.
Italy has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and Musk urged the crowd to “make more Italians to save Italy’s culture,” a particular focus of the Meloni government.
https://vk11tor.at
kraken24.at
Meloni has been a strong opponent of surrogacy, which is criminalized in Italy, but there was no mention of Musk’s own recent children born of surrogacy.
The owner of X (formerly called Twitter) was slightly rumpled with what could easily be argued the least stylish shoes in the mostly Italian crowd since Donald Trump’s often unkempt former top adviser Steve Bannon appeared at the conference in 2018.
Meloni sat in the front row taking photos of Musk, who she personally invited. Meloni founded the Atreju conference in 1998, named after a character in the 1984 film “The NeverEnding Story.”
kraken18
He arrived against the backdrop of an ice-skating rink and an ancient castle in Rome with one of his 11 children to tout the value of procreation.
Italy has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and Musk urged the crowd to “make more Italians to save Italy’s culture,” a particular focus of the Meloni government.
https://vk11tor.at
kraken24.at
Meloni has been a strong opponent of surrogacy, which is criminalized in Italy, but there was no mention of Musk’s own recent children born of surrogacy.
The owner of X (formerly called Twitter) was slightly rumpled with what could easily be argued the least stylish shoes in the mostly Italian crowd since Donald Trump’s often unkempt former top adviser Steve Bannon appeared at the conference in 2018.
Meloni sat in the front row taking photos of Musk, who she personally invited. Meloni founded the Atreju conference in 1998, named after a character in the 1984 film “The NeverEnding Story.”
The original occupant of an Egyptian sarcophagus was unknown. Then a tiny ornament revealed a very big name
трипскан darknet
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
трипскан darknet
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
О Самоделе
Десять лет мы являемся крупнейшей сетью магазинов в Саратове, торгующей оборудованием для пивоварения, винокурения и виноделия.
самодел интернет магазин
Саратовский Самодел – это гарантированное качество товаров, широкий ассортимент и профессиональные консультанты. Вы можете быть уверены в том, что получите лучший продукт и качественное оборудование, приобретая товар в нашей сети. Самогонные аппараты, домашние пивоварни, сыроварни, изготовление мясных изделий, грили и барбекю, а также богатый выбор ингредиентов и аксессуаров для домашнего хобби. Теперь Вы можете заказать необходимый товар в любой точке России.
магазин самодел в саратове
https://samodel-saratov.ru/
Где купить самогонный аппарат (дистиллятор)?
С каждым годом в России растет популярность изготовления крепких спиртных напитков в домашних условиях и самогонный аппарат занял почетное место на кухне в домах и квартирах россиян. Приобретая самогонный аппарат Вы открываете дверь в увлекательный мир винокурения, Вам станут доступны практически все мировые напитки от классических (коньяка, виски, чачи, водки, самогона, настоек и наливок) до экзотических ликеров. Это отличная возможность угостить друзей качественными напитками и хорошо сэкономить. Не стоит более опасаться подделок и контрафакта. Вы точно знаете, как, и из чего сделан Ваш продукт. Наши консультанты помогут Вам подобрать лучший вариант из широкого ассортимента.
Домашнее пивоварение
Домашнее пивоварение это увлекательное хобби, с которым Вы окунетесь в мир вкусного и разнообразного пива. Приобретая мини-пивоварню можно приготовить 23 литра живого нефильтрованного пива из более чем семидесяти сортов. Экспериментируя солодом, хмелем и дрожжами можно создавать уникальные пивные сорта и стили. Мы предлагаем большой выбор пивоваренного оборудования для варки дома, а также ингредиенты и литературу.
Приготовление колбас и сыроделие
Приготовьте колбасу, консервы и сыры у себя дома используя только натуральное и необходимое сырье. Наш магазин реализует оболочки для колбас, бытовое колбасное оборудование, автоклавы для консервации, а также оборудование и закваски для домашнего сыроделия
Десять лет мы являемся крупнейшей сетью магазинов в Саратове, торгующей оборудованием для пивоварения, винокурения и виноделия.
самодел интернет магазин
Саратовский Самодел – это гарантированное качество товаров, широкий ассортимент и профессиональные консультанты. Вы можете быть уверены в том, что получите лучший продукт и качественное оборудование, приобретая товар в нашей сети. Самогонные аппараты, домашние пивоварни, сыроварни, изготовление мясных изделий, грили и барбекю, а также богатый выбор ингредиентов и аксессуаров для домашнего хобби. Теперь Вы можете заказать необходимый товар в любой точке России.
магазин самодел в саратове
https://samodel-saratov.ru/
Где купить самогонный аппарат (дистиллятор)?
С каждым годом в России растет популярность изготовления крепких спиртных напитков в домашних условиях и самогонный аппарат занял почетное место на кухне в домах и квартирах россиян. Приобретая самогонный аппарат Вы открываете дверь в увлекательный мир винокурения, Вам станут доступны практически все мировые напитки от классических (коньяка, виски, чачи, водки, самогона, настоек и наливок) до экзотических ликеров. Это отличная возможность угостить друзей качественными напитками и хорошо сэкономить. Не стоит более опасаться подделок и контрафакта. Вы точно знаете, как, и из чего сделан Ваш продукт. Наши консультанты помогут Вам подобрать лучший вариант из широкого ассортимента.
Домашнее пивоварение
Домашнее пивоварение это увлекательное хобби, с которым Вы окунетесь в мир вкусного и разнообразного пива. Приобретая мини-пивоварню можно приготовить 23 литра живого нефильтрованного пива из более чем семидесяти сортов. Экспериментируя солодом, хмелем и дрожжами можно создавать уникальные пивные сорта и стили. Мы предлагаем большой выбор пивоваренного оборудования для варки дома, а также ингредиенты и литературу.
Приготовление колбас и сыроделие
Приготовьте колбасу, консервы и сыры у себя дома используя только натуральное и необходимое сырье. Наш магазин реализует оболочки для колбас, бытовое колбасное оборудование, автоклавы для консервации, а также оборудование и закваски для домашнего сыроделия
The original occupant of an Egyptian sarcophagus was unknown. Then a tiny ornament revealed a very big name
трипскан ссылка
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
трипскан ссылка
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
Marvelous, what a blog it is! This blog gives helpful information to us, keep it up.
http://zodiak-club.ru/lenta-50.html
https://letsbookmarkit.com/story17136090/%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0
http://magnitog.ru/katalog-produktsii/urovni-uglomery-kapro/uroven-stroitelnyy-kapro-spirit-2000-mm-15801.html
https://emilianoxc344.get-blogging.com/27485439/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2
https://dominickgu865.snack-blog.com/26952115/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C
The original occupant of an Egyptian sarcophagus was unknown. Then a tiny ornament revealed a very big name
трипскан даркнет
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
трипскан даркнет
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
African elephants use names to call each other, study suggests
tripscan зеркало
Wild African elephants may address each other using individualized calls that resemble the personal names used by humans, a new study suggests.
While dolphins are known to call one another by mimicking the signature whistle of the dolphin they want to address, and parrots have been found to address each other in a similar way, African elephants in Kenya may go a step further in identifying one another.
These elephants learn, recognize and use individualized name-like calls to address others of their kind, seemingly without using imitation, according to the study published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
The most common type of elephant call is a rumble, of which there are three sub-categories. So-called contact rumbles are used to call another elephant that is far away or out of sight. Greeting rumbles are used when another elephant is within touching distance. Caregiver rumbles are used by an adolescent or adult female toward a calf she is caring for, according to the study.
The researchers looked at these three types of rumbles, using a machine-learning model to analyze recordings of 469 calls made by wild groups of females and calves in Amboseli National Park and Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves between 1986 and 2022. All the elephants could be individually identified by the shape of their ears, as they had been monitored continuously for decades, according to the study.
The idea was that “if the calls contained something like a name, then you should be able to figure out who the call was addressed to just from the acoustic features of the call itself,” said lead study author Mickey Pardo, an animal behaviorist and postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University in New York.
The researchers found that the acoustic structure of calls varied depending on who the target of the call was.
The machine-learning model correctly identified the recipient of 27.5% of calls analyzed, “which may not sound like that much, but it was significantly more than what the model would have been able to do if we had just fed it random data,” Pardo told CNN.
“So that suggests that there’s something in the calls that’s allowing the model to identify who the intended receiver of the call was,” he added.
tripscan зеркало
Wild African elephants may address each other using individualized calls that resemble the personal names used by humans, a new study suggests.
While dolphins are known to call one another by mimicking the signature whistle of the dolphin they want to address, and parrots have been found to address each other in a similar way, African elephants in Kenya may go a step further in identifying one another.
These elephants learn, recognize and use individualized name-like calls to address others of their kind, seemingly without using imitation, according to the study published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
The most common type of elephant call is a rumble, of which there are three sub-categories. So-called contact rumbles are used to call another elephant that is far away or out of sight. Greeting rumbles are used when another elephant is within touching distance. Caregiver rumbles are used by an adolescent or adult female toward a calf she is caring for, according to the study.
The researchers looked at these three types of rumbles, using a machine-learning model to analyze recordings of 469 calls made by wild groups of females and calves in Amboseli National Park and Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves between 1986 and 2022. All the elephants could be individually identified by the shape of their ears, as they had been monitored continuously for decades, according to the study.
The idea was that “if the calls contained something like a name, then you should be able to figure out who the call was addressed to just from the acoustic features of the call itself,” said lead study author Mickey Pardo, an animal behaviorist and postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University in New York.
The researchers found that the acoustic structure of calls varied depending on who the target of the call was.
The machine-learning model correctly identified the recipient of 27.5% of calls analyzed, “which may not sound like that much, but it was significantly more than what the model would have been able to do if we had just fed it random data,” Pardo told CNN.
“So that suggests that there’s something in the calls that’s allowing the model to identify who the intended receiver of the call was,” he added.
The original occupant of an Egyptian sarcophagus was unknown. Then a tiny ornament revealed a very big name
tripscan зеркало
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
tripscan зеркало
A sarcophagus discovered in 2009 in an Egyptian burial chamber came with a complicated history: Ancient writing on the stone container showed that it had been used twice, but while its second occupant, the 21st dynasty high priest Menkheperre, was known, the first owner had remained a mystery — until now.
New clues have surfaced as a result of Frederic Payraudeau, an associate professor in Egyptology at Sorbonne University in Paris, reexamining a fragment of the granite sarcophagus and deciphering the hieroglyphs engraved on it. Tucked away in the cartouche, an oval-shaped ornament often found in tombs, he found a name of a very recognizable figure: Ramesses II.
Payraudeau said the inscription is evidence that the artifact was originally from the tomb of the famous pharaoh and had been reused after looting.
“Clearly, this was the sarcophagus of a king,” Payraudeau said. “The cartouche dates back to its first usage, and contains Ramesses II’s throne name, Usermaatra. He was the only pharaoh to use this name during his time, so that cleared any doubt that it was his sarcophagus.”
The findings, published in the journal Revue d’Egyptologie, add to the lore of Ramesses II, also known as Ozymandias and one of Egypt’s most celebrated pharaohs. It also fills a gap in our understanding of how sarcophagi were used to entomb kings.
Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and his reign — from 1279 to 1213 BC — was the second longest in the history of Egypt. He was known for his victorious military campaigns and an interest in architecture, which led him to order up important monuments and statues of himself. His mummy is at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.
Another coffin belonging to Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 near Luxor, but the sarcophagus fragment analyzed in the study was found in Abydos, a city about 40 miles (64 kilometers) to the northwest in a straight line.
“That is less bizarre than it seems,” Payraudeau said, “because we know his tomb was looted in the antiquity, maybe two centuries after his death, and he’s certainly not the only king to have been looted.”
The granite fragment, which is a nearly complete part of the longer side of the sarcophagus, was previously believed to have belonged to a prince. “But I always found this strange, because the decoration on this carefully crafted piece was indicative of a king, and had elements traditionally reserved for kings,” Payraudeau said.
